Compiled by

Deane Williams
6 Harvest Lane
Farmington, CT 06032

860-677-7533

e-mail: pyroartist(@)sbcglobal.net

(Note: Only first authors name is given.)


ABOUT THERMALS


Lenschow, DH; The Role of Thermals in the Convective Boundry
Layer; Boundry Layer Meteorology, V19 1980 pp 509-532


Webb,EK Daytime; Thermal Fluctuations in the Lower Atmosphere
Applied Optics, December 1964 pp 1329-1335


Mitsuta, Yasushi; Convective Motion in the Cumulus Subcloud Layer
 Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, September 1985 pp
993-1000



Johari, Hamid; Mixing in Thermals with and without Bouancy
Reversal; J. of the Atmospheric Sciences August 15, 1992 pp
1412-1426



Arnold, Abraham; A Lapse Rate Depiction for Clear Air Convection
J. of Applied Meteorology September 1976, pp 1189-1192



Warner, J; Convection Below Cloudbase; J.of the Atmospheric
Sciences V 24 July 1967 pp 374-381



Telford, James; Comments on the Humidity and Particle Fields
around some Small Cumulus Clouds; J. of the Atmospheric Sciences
V 49 no 20 1992 pp 1954-1955



Joachim, Joseph; Nearest Neighbor Spacing of Fair Weather Cumulus
Clouds; J. of Applied Meteorology August 1990 pp 793-805



Schumann, Ulrich; Plume Fluxes in Clear and Cloudy Convective
Boundry Layers; J. of the Atmospheric Sciences V48 no. 15 1991 pp
1746-1757



Hess, GD;  Charcteristics of Dust Devils in Austrailia
J. of Applied Meteorology V29 June 1990 pp 498-507



Sugita,Michiaki; How Similar are Temperture and Humidity Profiles
in the Unstable Boundry Layer?; J. Applied Meteorology June 1990
pp 489-497



Gibson, Harold; Cloud and Convection Frequencies over the
Southeast United States as Related to Small-Scale Geographic
Features;  Monthly Weather Review October 1990  pp 2215-2227



Radke, Lawrence F; Humidity and Particle Fields Around Some Small
Cumulus Clouds;  J. of the Atmospheric Sciences, V48 no.9 1 May
1991 pp 1190-1193





DETECTION OF THERMALS BY LASER RADAR (LIDAR)



Kunkel, KE & Eloranta EW; Lidar Observations of the Convective
Boundry Layer;  J. Applied Meteorology December 1977 pp 1306-1311



Eloranta, Edwin;  Volume Imaging LIDAR Observations of the
Convective Structure Surrounding the Flight Path of a
Flux-Measuring Aircraft;  J. Geophysical Research - Atmospheres
Nov 30, 1992 pp 18,383-18393



Regan, John; Lidar Sensing of Aerosols and Clouds in the
Troposphere and Stratosphere;  Proceedings of the IEEE V77 No 3
March 1989 pp 433-448



Hinkley, D;. Laser Monitoring of the Atmosphere Springer-Verlag
(publisher - book)



Sasano, Yasuhiro; Convective Cell Structures revealed by Mie
laser radar observations and image data processing;
Applied Optics V21 No 17 December 1982 pp 3166-3169



Abreu, Vincent; Observation of Winds with an incoherent lidar
detector; Applied Optics V31 No 22 Aug 1 1992 pp 4509-4514



Young, SA; A Logarithmic Amplifier for LIDAR Receivers
J. Physics E: Sci. Instrum. V20 1987 pp 403-406



Barnes,Fairley J; Lidar Determination of Horizontal and Vertical
Varibility in Water Vapor over Cotton (Fields) 
Remote Sensing of the Environment V 32 1990 pp 81-90



Mefi, SH; Observatons of lower atmospheric Moisture Structure and
it's evolution using a Raman Lidar 
Bulletin American Meteorologal Soc. V66 1985 pp 1288-1292



Werner, Christian; Aerosol Lidar for Environmental Protection and
Meteorology 
European Space Agency, technical translation ESA-TT-1105 Sept 1988





RADAR DETECTION OF THERMALS



Fairall CW; The Humidity and Temperture Sensitivity of Clear-Air
Radars in the Convective Boundry Layer 
J. of Applied Meteorology V30 August 1991 pp 1064-1074



Hardy,Kenneth R; Probing the Clear Atmosphere with High Power,
High Resolution Radars 
Proceeding of the IEEE April 1969 pp 468-480



Konrad, Thomas G.; The Dynamics of the Convective Process in
Clear Air as Seen by Radar 
J. of the Atmospheric Sciences V27 November 1970 pp 1138-1145



Achtemeier, Gary; The Use of Insects as Tracers for "Clear-Air"
Boundry Layer Studies by Doppler Radar 
J. of Atmospheric Science and Oceanic Technology V.8 December 1991 pp 746-765



White,Allen B; Radar Observations of Humidity Variability in and
above the Marine Atmospheric Boundry Layer 
J. Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, October 1991 pp 639-658


Rogers,RR; Research Applications of a Boundry Layer Wind Profiler
Bull. American Meteorlogical Soc. V 74 no.4 April 1993 pp 567-580



Richter, Juergen H; High Resolution Tropospheric Radar Sounding
Radio Science December 1969 pp 1261-1268



Noonkester, VR; The Evolution of the Clear Air Convective Layer
Revealed by Surface-Based Remote Sensors 
J. of Applied Meteorology, V15 June 1976 pp 594-606



Chadwick, Russel B;. Radar Remote Sensing of the Clear
Atmosphere- Review and Applications
Proceedings of the IEEE, V71 No.6 June 1983 pp 738- 753



Richter, JH; Clear Air Convection- A close Look at its Evolution
and Structure; Geophys. Research Lett. V1 1974 pp 173-176



Rowland, JR;  Vertical Velocity Structure and Geometry of Clear
Air Convective Elements; 
Proceedings of the 16th Radar Meteorological Conference, 1975,
pp 269-303



Derr, VE; A Comparison of Remote Sensing of the Clear Atmosphere
by Optical, Radio and Acoustic Radar Techniques 
                              V9 No.9 September 1970 pp1976-1992



Bluestein,HB; Observations of the Wind Field in Tornadoes, Funnel
Clouds and Wall Clouds with a Portable Doppler Radar 
Bull. American Met. Soc. V70 no.12 December 1989 pp 1514-1525





PASSIVE MICROWAVE TECHNIQUES



Gary, Bruce,L.; Clear Air Turbulence Avoidance Using an Airborne
Microwave Radiometer 
AIAA 22nd Aerospaces Sciences Meeting, Jan 9-12 1984 Reno, Nevada



England, Martin; Atmospheric Water Vapor Measurements:
Comparision of Microwave Radiometry and Lidar 
J. of Geophysical Research, V97 no. D1 Jan 20, 1992 pp 899-916




ACOUSTIC RADAR 


Little, Gordon, C.; Acoustic Methods for the Remote Probing of
the Lower Atmosphere, Proceedings of the IEEE, V57 no.4 April
1969, pp 571-578



McAllister, Linday G.; Acoustic Sounding -  A New Approach to the
Study of Atmospheric Structure 
Proceedings of the IEEE, V57 no.4 April 1969 p 579-587



Singal, SP; Trends in acoustic remote sensing of the atmospheric
boundry layer in the nineties 
Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, V51 April 1992 pp 307-321



Brown, Edmund H.; Advances in Atmospheric Acoustics 
Review of Geophysics and Space Physics, V16 no.1 Febuary 1979 pp 47-110



Gera BS;  Design of a microcomputer-based monostatic sodar system;
Indian Journal of Radio and Space Physics, V22 October 1992 pp
296-300



Owens, Edward J.;  Development of a Portable Acoustic Echo
Sounder; NOAA Technical Report ERL 298-WPL 31 May 1974



Shepherd IC; Microphone Screens for Acoustic Measurement in
Turbulent Flows ; J. Sound and Vibration V111 no.1 1986 pp 153-165





PASSIVE INFRARED TECHNIQUES



Pitts, David E.; Temporal Variations in Atmospheric Water Vapor
and Aerosol Optical Depth Determined by Remote Sensing 
J. of Applied Meteorology,December 1977 pp 1312-1321



Ochs, Gerard R.; Optical-scintillation method of measuring
turbulence inner scale 
Applied Optics V24 no.15 August 1, 1985


Bird, J.; Precitpitable Water Vapor Measurements with Sun Photometers;
J.Applied Meteorology, August 1982 V21 pp 1196-1201



Ulivieri, Carlo; Remote Sensing of Precipitable Water Vapor by a
Thermal Infrared Multichannel Approach 
Acta Astronautica V12 no.2 1985 p121-125



Platt, CMR; Detection of clear air turbulence by water vapor
emmision anomalies 
Applied Optics V20 No.14  15 July 1981 pp 2510-2516



Astheimer,RW; The Remote Detecton of Clear AIr Turbulence by
Infrared Radiation 
Applied Optics V9 no.8 August 1970 pp 1785-1797



Rocken C.; The Measurement of Atmospheric Water Vapor; Radiometer
Comparision and Spatial Variations  
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing V29 no.1 January 1991 pp 3-8



Rickel, CIndy; An Infrared Method for Plume Rise Visualization
and Measurement (hot gases)
Atmospheric Environment V24A no.11 1990 pp 2835-2838



Kader, BA;  Determination of Turbulent Momentum and Heat Fluxes
by Spectral Methods 
Boundry Layer Meteorology, V61 1992 pp 323-347



Althouse Mark LG; Chemical Vapor Imaging with a Multispectral
Thermal Imager; 
Optical Engineering, V30 no.11 November 1991 pp 1725-1733





ACTIVE INFRARED



McRae, Thomas G.; Backscatter absorption gas imaging: a new
technique for gas visualization; 
Applied Optics, V32 no.21 20 July 1993 pp 4037-4050





SPATIAL FILTERING and SCINTELLATION TECHNIQUES



Zavorotny, Valery U.; Remote Probing of a distant turbulent layer
using various spatial filtering methods;  
Applied Optics, V31 no.36 20 December 1992 pp 7660-7668



Ochs, GR; Infrared Passive Wind Sensing - A Feasibility Study
NOAA Report PB-280 080, October 1977







INFRASOUND ARTICLES



McDonald, John A; Naturally Occuring Atmospheric Acoustical
Signals; 
J. Acoustical Society of America V56 no.2 August 1974 pp 338-351



Georges TM; Infrasound from Convective Storms - Examining the
Evidence; Review of Geophysics and Space Physics V11 1973 pp 571-594



Frisch, AS; Observations of Boundry Layer Convection Cells
Measured by Dual-Doppler Radar and Echosonde and by
Microbarograph Array; Boundry Layer Meteorology, V10 1976 pp 55-68





ELECTROSTATIC DETECTION OF THERMALS



McCready, Paul B.; Instruments and Techniques for Locating and
Exploiting Thermals; Technical Soaring V1 no.1 July 1971 pp 14-17



Markson, Ralph; Remote Detection of Thermals by Means of
Horizontal Electric Field Measurements; MIT Soaring Symposium
Technical Papers, 1972 pp 293-314



Markson, Ralph; Electrostatic Sensing of Atmospheric Structure to
Improve Soaring Efficiency Progress Report - Summer 1974; 2nd MIT
Soaring Symposium Technical Papers, 1974(?) pp 51-60



Layton, RG; A Student Field Mill; 
American J. of Physics V43 no.11 November 1973 pp 942-943



LaRoche, P.; Airborne Measurements of Electrical Atmospheric
Field produced by Convective Clouds; Office National D'Etudes et
de Recherches Aerospatiales, Report no.1985-114 (France)





MISCELLANEOUS RELATED ARTICLES



Knestrick,GL; Measurements of Spectral Radiance of the Horizon
Sky; Applied Optics, V6 no.12 December 1967 pp 2105-2109



Eldridge, Ralph G; Water Vapor Absorption of Visible and Near
Infrared Radiation; Applied Optics V6 no.4 April 1967 pp 709-715



Magnin, Paul A; Doppler Effect: History and Theory
Hewlett-Packard Journal June 1986 pp 26-40


Williams, Deane; Remote Thermal Detection;
Hang Gliding Magazine, March 1984 pp 37-39

************************** END OF FILE ***********************************